30th January, 2011 4th Sunday in Ordinary Time. YEAR A
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The Beatitudes are a key part of Our Lord’s teaching and vision.
The wording and the setting of this teaching indicate how absolutely solemn and serious this passage is.
The start of the section has a rather awkward but quite deliberate sentence: (using an older, more literal translation…….. “Seeing his disciples, Jesus went up the mountain. Then he sat down and opened his mouth and said to them…..”
The biblical commentator William Barclay tells us that what Jesus is about to say is an extremely solemn and significant pronouncement. Rabbis sat when teaching. On other occasions, when speaking less formally they would walk and talk, but when they really had a formal and official pronouncement and teaching to give, it was seated. The mountain represents the revelation of God. And ‘opening one’s mouth’ is not just a strange saying… this terminology was used in the most solemn and serious of pronouncements, such as when God opened his mouth and poured forth the contents of his heart… what is about to follow is the core message of Jesus’ teaching…. And it is very serious….
And what he teaches them… is the Beatitudes.
They are both comforting and jarring, (at the same time).
It seems strange to say to people: “happy are you who are poor! Happy are you who are mourning!!!”… In a world that desires happiness above all other things, and that which brings happiness is to be desired and sought after with all one’s will…. There is NO WAY that anyone is going to desire or strive after poverty, sadness, injustice and persecution.
Other translations use the words “blessed are you” instead of “happy are you.”
In any case…
And it appears that the word used for “poor” doesn’t just mean a person who has very little.. the Greek word means “a person who is completely destitute, and without anything.”
What seems to be meant here, is that Jesus is offering us blessing and joy and peace… a peace that the people and events and the shallow promises of this world and the tragedies of this world cannot touch…and cannot match….// no matter what happens… // the faithful disciple will never lose the inner blessing that God is offering them….
It can be translated as “Oh, the utter bliss of the one who has realised their utter helplessness… their complete poverty…. And who has put their WHOLE trust and all their hope in God alone…. For they have realised that only in doing this, can they give God that total dependence and obedience that will make them a citizen of the Kingdom of Heaven. ..
Oh, the irremovable joy of the one who is so poor that they are detached from all things… for they KNOW from bitter experience, that material things do not have it in them to btinh happiness or security … and so he become attached to God alone.. and to God’s kingdom which will never tarnish or pass away…[i]
Interestingly. Commentator William Barclay also says that the language used of this teaching indicates that “Jesus used to teach the disciples in this way. “ So, this sermon on the mount is not the first time or the last time Jesus would speak on this… It was more like the content of his regular and constant teaching.. it was a distillation of his key message.
“Oh, the blessings upon the one who mourns… like who who mourns for the dead… who cries out in utter devestation….. and with nothing but hope…. For lost loved ones.. for the suffering of others… and who sorrows for their sinfulness like someone who weeps in utter loss…. They will receive God’s comfort… their sorrow can be comforted by nothing less than God’s own love…”.
And so on these beautiful beatitudes go… // we could spend a lifetime reflecting upon their meaning…
These teachings are not telling us to put up with our lot … rather they give hope to all who are struggling.
Jesus is telling us where God’s heart is, and where God’s priorities are. God’s concern is for the poor, the struggling, the sorrowful, the meek, those struggling to support, free and forgive.
Also, Jesus is saying: take heart. Those who are in these predicaments are very dear to God’s heart. Those who are like this, have the openness and dependence on God that is needed to be able to inherit the Kingdom of God.
The situation people is in is terrible… but the reliance and trust in God; the openness to God and to everyone is what Jesus asks of all…… (whether they be well-off or not…….. whether they are happy or sad…)…
It is as though there is an implicit.. ‘woe to you’ in these words of Matthews Gospel….., (where, by contrast, Luke’s gospel spells them out explicitly, and literally) . By converse……Matthew only implies… but surely they are there as the flipside of this teaching……..“woe to” those who are the cause of this grief and hardship described here…. //… and woe to those whose hearts are so closed that they can’t see the real plight of those who are their brothers and sisters around them and who don’t act to do something about it. Their “closed-ness” and (ironically)…their fortune can be a barrier to them seeing and acting…. and trusting in the Lord utterly, as is a pre-requisite for membership in the Kingdom. They must be on their guard.
REFERENCES:
· The historical, cultural and language insights into this weekend’s gospel have been very helpfully found in: THE DAILY STUDY BIBLE. GOSPEL OF MATTHEW. (REVISED EDITION). BY WILLIAM BARCLAY.
· FR. PAUL W. KELLY